Transformations of X-Rays

Subject headings: galaxies: general—galaxies: spiral—X-rays: general—X-rays: galaxies—X-rays: ISM

We present results from the analysis of deep ROSAT HRI and PSPC observations of the spiral galaxy M81. The inferred total (0.5–2 keV band) luminosity of M81 is ∼ 3×10 ergs s, excluding the contribution from identified interlopers found within the D25 ellipse. The nucleus of the galaxy alone accounts for about 65% of this luminosity. The rest is due to 26 other X-ray sources (contributing ∼ 10%)...

Diffraction of X-rays

Characterizing Phase Transformations and Their Effects on Ferritic Weld Residual Stresses with X-rays and Neutrons

Weld residual stresses often approach, or exceed, the yield strength of the material, with serious implications for the integrity of engineering structures. It is not always feasible to measure residual stresses, so integrity assessments often rely heavily on numerical models. In ferritic steels, the credibility of such models depends on their ability to account for solid-state phase transforma...

Remembering x-rays.

On the evening of 8 November 1895, ous potential applicability to medical diWilhelm Conrad Rontgen immediately agnosis (2). recognized a remarkable new phenomOn_.zJJ~nu~ry, at his first and only enon. Fluorescent material lying on a public lecture on the discovery, Rontgen bench some distance from the cathode made an x-ray picture of the hand of Dr. ray tube with which he was experimentAlbert v...

Triboluminescence and X-Rays

Triboluminescence is shown to produce X-rays from the nanoparticles (NPs) that form as the sticky acrylic adhesive of Scotch tape is peeled from the polyethylene (PE) roll in a vacuum. Prior to peeling, atoms in the adhesive are not under electromagnetic (EM) confinement and have full thermal kT energy. But upon peeling, the atoms in NPs that form in the gap between adhesive and PE are under EM...